A skeleton argument is the backbone of your moot — a structured written document that sets out your legal submissions before you deliver them orally. Most UK mooting competitions require one.
1. Structure and Format
Use numbered paragraphs throughout. Begin with a brief introduction identifying the parties, the court, and the issues on appeal. Then address each ground of appeal under a separate heading.
2. State Your Propositions Clearly
Each ground should contain a clear legal proposition followed by the authorities that support it. For example:
"Ground 1: The learned judge erred in holding that the defendant owed a duty of care to the claimant.
It is submitted that the three-stage test in Caparo Industries plc v Dickman [1990] 2 AC 605 was not satisfied because..."
3. Cite Authorities Precisely
Use OSCOLA format for all citations. Include pinpoint references to the specific paragraphs or pages you will rely on. Judges will check your citations — inaccuracy undermines credibility.
4. Anticipate the Opposition
A strong skeleton acknowledges the opposing argument and explains why your position is stronger. Use phrases like "While the respondent may rely on X, this authority is distinguishable because..."
5. Keep It Concise
Most competitions impose a word or page limit (typically 1,000–2,000 words). Every sentence must earn its place. Avoid lengthy quotations — paraphrase and cite.
6. Conclude with a Clear Request
End with a summary of the relief sought: "For the reasons set out above, the appellant respectfully submits that the appeal should be allowed and the order of the court below set aside."
Common Mooting Mistakes
| Mistake | How to Avoid |
|---|---|
| Treating it as an essay | Use short, assertive paragraphs — not flowing prose |
| Citing too many authorities | Quality over quantity — 3–5 strong cases per ground |
| Ignoring the moot problem facts | Apply the law to the specific facts given |
| Forgetting procedural context | Remember you are in an appellate court — frame arguments accordingly |